Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Developmental Stages - 891 Words

Erik Erikson psychosocial developmental stages plays a major role in the preschooler period. Children have completed the stage of trust versus mistrust where they start to build long lasting attachment with their caregivers. The next stage is autonomy versus shame and doubt which Feldman(2012) explains that children develop independence and autonomy if the parents encourage exploration and freedom within safe boundaries( p.185). However if the child is restricted and overly protected , they will feel shame, self doubt and unhappiness( Feldman 2012,P.185). Mahki home setting allows him to explore and have his own independence. Though Mahki , is hesitate when it comes to new things and experiences once he finds security and confirmation in his mother ,he is ready to take the challenge. With exploration comes the idea of self concept and self esteem in preschoolers. Erik Erikson stage of initiative versus guilt where the child begins to have their own views of themselves and their pur pose. However there is also this internal conflict between success and failure as the child seeks independence from their parents. Mahki does display this internal conflict when he wants to open the car door by himself and his mother tells him no because it is to much for him to handle. However Mahki still goes ahead and attempts to open the door but gets frustrated when he is unable and later turns to his mother to open the door. In his mind, if everyone else can do this particular action heShow MoreRelatedDevelopmental Psychologist Erik Erikson s Stages Of Psychosocial Development1729 Words   |  7 PagesDevelopmental psychologist Erik Erikson changed the way that people viewed the psychosocial development in humans throughout their lifespan. Using the foundation provided by Freud’s psychosexual stages, he modified the concepts to where they demonstrated external impacts on development as well as making it more about emotional conflicts than necessarily physical drives. This eight-stage theory is sequential, and requires the person to overcome conflicts in each stage to become a productive memberRead MoreErik Erikson s Stages Of Development1608 Words   |  7 Pages The Psychosocial Development The View on Erik H. Erikson s Stages of Development Frank Phan Cosumnes River College Psychology 300 Abstract This paper will touch over the aspects of Erik H Erickson s eight stages and how they affect everyday lives from infancy to adulthood. The paper will go over the approximate ages and the psychosocial crisis that they will eventually come to. Neglecting a child can lead to a cause of mental negligence in the form of Arrested Development. Within differentRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Theory On Child Development1388 Words   |  6 PagesErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory on Child Development Erik Erikson, a well known developmental theorist, developed his theory about stages of human development from birth to death by using Freud s work as a starting point. According to Erikson, personality develops in a series of stages. Erikson found out that children experience conflicts which affect their development. He described the internal conflict which children go through in developmental stages using the term ‘crisis’ and are based onRead MoreSigmund Freud And Erik Erikson1110 Words   |  5 Pagesago. The discontinuous psychosexual and psychosocial theory takes place in stages in one course moving through drives that are biological along with societal expectations (Berk, 2013). The contributions to this perspective include both Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson. Freud examined psychosexual theory and how those first childhood years of drives shape the personality. Thus, such drive names are the id, ego, and superego. The id emergences in the early stages of infanc y, between 3 to 6 years of ageRead MoreErik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory1518 Words   |  7 PagesABSTRACT This research paper will show a thorough review of Erik Erikson s Psychosocial Development Theory, specifically the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Psychosocial Development, according to Erik Erikson, is a continuity of crisis throughout our lifespan; these challenges will shape our personality and the way we perceive our surroundings. In addition to this, the different stages mentioned in this Theory complement each other and help us to develop the tools to achieve a sense ofRead MoreThe Theorist I Choose For This Paper That I Believe I Relate1509 Words   |  7 Pagesmost is Erik Erikson. Erik Erikson is best known for his theory on identity, which was a theory that was broadened from Sigmund Freud while retaining its core work (Schultz, D. Schultz, S., 2013). Erik Erikson’s mother, who was Jewish, became pregnant but a man that was not her husband after her husband’s disappearance. She was sent to Germany, where she gave birth to Erik. Erik Erikson grew u p believing his pediatrician was his biological father due to his mother marrying this man. Since Erik EriksonRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Theory On Early Childhood Education1212 Words   |  5 Pagesthe education profession. Erik Erikson Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidence is wounded, trust impaired. - Erik Erikson Erik Erikson (1902-1994) was a Germon born developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst known for his theory on psychosocial development of human lie. He is most famous for devising the phrase â€Å"identity crisis.† Erikson was a Harvard professor althoughRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Mcadams 1154 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloping self-story that integrative narrative about their real life. Psychosocial is the life stories of the individual in which the life of the individual have a meaning. The life stories of the individual represent the cultural values, norms, race and the person spirituality. The purpose of the author in this article is to illustrate the concepts of the life story model of identity by modern research and theory in developmental, cognitive, personality, and cultural psychology. The concentrationRead MoreErik Erikson : Psychosocial Development1103 Words   |  5 PagesErik Erikson: Psychosocial Stages of Development â€Å"Erik Erikson was best-known for his famous theory of psychosocial development and the concept of the identity crisis. His theories marked and important shift in thinking on personality; instead of focusing simply on early childhood events, his psychosocial theory looked at how social influences contribute to personality throughout the entire lifespan† (Cherry). This paper will discuss Erikson’s childhood and the influence it had on his work. AlsoRead MoreEarly Life Experiences Impact The Person Across Their Lifespan930 Words   |  4 Pagesin the Jane Piaget theory ‘Stages of cognitive development’ (1936) and Erik Erikson theory ‘Psychosocial stages’ (1950). Piaget argued that children develop knowledge by constructing their experience and observe with their own ideas about how the thing works.(Burton, L.J., Westen, d. Kowalski, R.M. 2015) He developed 4 stages of his theory: Sensorimotor Stage, Preoperational Stage, Concrete Operat ional Stage and Formal Operational Stage. At the same time, Erik Erikson proposed a psychoanalytic theory

The Problem Of Debt Collection - 2307 Words

With the current economic crisis one of the major issues that most consumers are facing is the problem of debts that they have incurred due to many reasons. As I started to do my research on the practices that companies use to collect debts, I discovered that there are so many different types of debts and different companies handle their collections of each debt differently. This topic discusses the practices of debt collection. There are many laws that cover the process of debt collections; most major companies outsource their debt by selling it to these companies. However, there are federal regulations that must be followed when collecting debt. There are so many factors and process involved in collections of debt. There are many different types of debt however normally they first have to fall into two particular categories called â€Å"unsecured† and â€Å"secured debts†. A debt can be secured or unsecured. Unsecured debts are normally credit cards or other debts that consumers did not agree to have the creditors to sell any property of yours, if you are unable not pay it off. An example of secured debts would be mortgages. These are debts that give the creditors the right to sell property if the consumers cannot pay off the debts. The main types of debt are: car loans, student loans, credit cards, and mortgages and medical debts. Each of these types of debts comes with their own advantages and disadvantages. To most people Credit cards are a convenient method ofShow MoreRelatedEssay On Debt Collection933 Words   |  4 PagesDebt Collection Myths Taking A Look At Popular Myths Around the Credit and Collection Industry Overview: If your Delaware business offers credit on goods and services sold, you have to take care of accounts receivable. Eventually, that Delaware business will have to make a decision on how to deal with accounts that are past–due. 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Coles Super Markets & Stores - Click For Sample

Question: Discuss about the Coles Super Markets. Answer: Introduction This paper talks about the Coles Supermarkets. The objective is to evaluate the depth analysis of the Coles Supermarkets. It enables to determine the marketing mix, marketing strategy, competitors and contemporary issues impact on Coles Supermarkets. Indeed, Coles Supermarkets is an Australian supermarket that founded in 1914 in Collingwood, Melbourne by G. J. Coles. It provides retail and consumer services. It has over 10000 employees that operate over 776 supermarkets by Australia. John Durkan is the CEO and managing director of it. Its slogan was A little Better every day that presents the motive of the organization. Further, G. J. Coles learned the retail business technique from his father from 1910 to 1913. G. J. Coles started Coles variety store in the Melbourne in 1914. Its interested in food retailing in 1958. Coles started its branches in all Australian cities in 1973. (Graham, 2012). Moreover, the Western Australian organization Wesfarmers agreed to buy Coles at the cost $2 2 billion. It has planned for the restructuring of Coles that stated one of three planned department that would supermarkets convenience stores. Coles Supermarkets acquired National Australia Banks in Australia loyalty program FlyBuys. (Plunkett, 2015). Evaluate the marketing mix: The marketing mix comprises of several key elements such as product, price, promotion, distribution, partnership, people, process and physical evidence. It is helpful to satisfy the potential customers and target market. These elements help the business to achieve the Coles employees requirement or needs. The Coles Supermarkets marketing mix is described below: Product: It is the significant marketing mix elements that affected the Coles Supermarket. Coles Supermarkets product is its retail service. It attracts customers through providing convenient and effective service. It has many products or brand that a person could see in their daily life. It has many levels of private label brands such as Coles, Coles Smart Buy, Coles Organic, Coles Green Choice, Coles Finest, and Coles Simple Less; Mix clothing and Coles Simple gluten free. (Ferrell, et al 2014). Further, Coles will make more space for its supermarket shelves for new and creative brands around the consumer tastes. The retailer desires to pull away from a crowd of brand that requires discount and promotions to raise the sales. Furthermore, (Cox, 2011). Coles and International chef Heston Blumenthal has launched 15 new products with the name of the Heston for Coles that related to the meal, grocery, bakery and meat. Coles Classics Peanut Butter Ice Cream was awarded Gold by Dairy Indu stry Association of Australia (DIAA). It produced the new Coles mobile wallet that provides customers with easy access to their card transaction history and balance. It extends their financial services by adding life insurance products that include the Coles home insurance and Coles car insurance. (Graham, 2012). Price: It is the significant factor that affected the buyer of any product or items. Coles Supermarkets use low price strategy to survive in Australian market. The aim of the pricing strategy is to attract large populations of customers. However, the high sales volume generates the Coles Supermarkets profitability in the market. (Booth, Coveney, 2015). Further, a price of the grocery item is 15 percent low as compared to other Australian retail market. Slight rise in price is not seen easily that help to add profit of the Coles Supermarkets. Coles provides the volume discount in the wholesale price. It reduced price in discount offer in the market. Price should be flexible as per customer needs or demand. (Ferrell, et al 2014). Promotion: Coles Supermarket is the framed of sales promotions, personal selling, advertisements and public relations. It advertises on website, newspaper and magazines. Coles pricing strategy helps to raise the sales of the organization. Its slogan A little Better every day pushes customer to take a buy decision quickly before they get expired. (Knox, 2015). The promotion strategy of the Coles Supermarkets helps to raise the organization caliber to attract customers to its brand and stores. Coles spend money to press releases to inform investors and customers about the programs, policies and strategies. (Gans, King, 2004). Further, in the perspective of the marketing mix, promotion represents the several aspects of marketing communication that generate a positive customer response. The marketing communication decision involves promotional strategy, advertising, sales promotions and public relations. A research report said that store food and liquor sales growth at Coles would be 3. 8 percent to 3.9 percent in three month end March. Coles decision to reduce everyday low pricing will be put the test because it reduces the credibility of it. (Knox, 2015). Distribution: It is the significant marketing mix factor that affected the Coles Supermarkets business direct or indirect. Coles uses the intensive distribution strategy that design channel. Its stores offer the same kinds of goods that apply to each store. Coles opened new stores to reach more customers. Coles marketing mix distribution strategy helps to attract customers through making shopping convenient in term of location. Coles has over 776 supermarkets that spread in Australian states. (Armstrong, et al 2014). Further, Coles sold their product or service to wholesale dealer and they sold their product to retail outlet and consumer get Coles product from the retail outlets as per their needs or demands. (Knox, 2015). [Chart 1, (Source: Knox, 2015)] Partnership: Coles partnership with flybuys helps to raise the brand image in the Australia. Flybuys has largest royalty program in Australia that attract new customers. A partnership helps to raise the sales of the Coles because it reduces the initial cost of the organization to establish the new branch in the market. (Cox, 2011). It raises the goodwill of the new market because both are working together to achieve their objectives or goals. Partnership with Coles and Myer grew by Australia growth and acquisitions. Both are listed in Australian stock exchange. Coles operated supermarket while Myer operated a chain of mid market department stores. Both mergers become a largest ever Australian Corporation. (Armstrong, et al 2014). People: An employees requires an appropriate aptitude, skills and service knowledge in order to deliver a quality service to their customers. All 77000 Coles supermarket employees payment has been underpaid due to cosy deal between the national retail union and Coles Supermarket. Coles employees are significant and they overhauled by districutive and Allied Employees Association (SDA). Coles deduct 20 to 25 percent pay from employees. (Ferrell, et al 2014). Process: It is the significant factor of the marketing mix that affected the Coles Supermarkets. This process of business entities provides breakdown to explain the structure of the Coles supermarket subsystem layer. The structure of the subsystem layer is overlaid with a sequence of four core process that show the life-cycle of the Coles Supermarket. Chart 2 shows the four Coles core process in a time that described subsystem layers. (Murray, Poole, Jones, 2006). Further, Coles manufacturing process should be easy and consumer friend that attracts the new customer of it. A unique process of the Coles raises the goodwill of it that would be beneficial for the long-term stability of it. (Armstrong, et al 2014). [Chart2: (Source: Thampapillai, et al 2015)] Physical evidence: It is the significant factor in the current online marketing business because a lot of fraud occurs in the market. So, the customer wants physical evidence such as building, website and registration in government authorized the organization before buy product of it. Then, the customer can contact organization regarding any product issues. (Grant, et al 2012). It contains the factors that are incorporated into a service to make it measurable and tangible. Ambiance, layout and branding are the significant tools of physical evidence. It has over 776 supermarkets in Australia that attract new customer because they can contact in case of any emergency. Coles building attracts the new customers. (Graham, 2012). Moreover, the Western Australian organization Wesfarmers agreed to buy Coles at the cost $22 billion due to high physical assets of it. It has a lot of physical stores in Australia that raises the assets that has a high cost in Australia market. A short level comp etition is healthy for the Coles growth and development. (Ferrell, et al 2014). Marketing strategies: These are the significant marketing strategies for the Coles that is described below: Location of the store: Groceries product buyer people dont prefer to go to a far away from stores. So, Coles store influenced on sales performance of the products. Coles decided to open each store in cities to attract new customer of it. Coles have planned to open branches in each city of the Australia that would be beneficial for the organization growth and development. (Lyons, 2007). People would prefer to buy products or services from nearest branch that would save the time and energy consumption of it. Coles should focus to appropriate location when they opened new branches in the market. (Murray, Poole, Jones, 2006). Product classification and services: Coles Supermarket product classification is divided into two parts such as consumer and business. Consumer includes shopping, specialty, unsought and convenience. Business includes raw materials, installations, MRO suppliers, business services, component parts and accessory equipment. (United Nations. Statistical Division, 2014) Product classification is necessary for the organization growth because it helps to satisfy the customer needs or demands. It is the significant way to promote the Coles product in the market because it has several dimensions that helps to survive in the market. (Kalyanam, McIntyre, 2002). [Chart 3, (Source: United Nations Statistical Division, 2014)] Store atmosphere: It is developed by the design, layout and color of a store. Coles works on interior and exterior design to develop an appropriate store atmosphere. Coles atmosphere must prompt target customers to visit the store to buy the product or service. (Lyons, 2007). A narrow area store doesnt prefer by the customer to spend time in stores to buy product or services. Color, smell and sound affect the mood of customers to stay with stores and buy the product or services. (Murray, Poole, Jones, 2006). Competitions: Coles has a lot of competition in Australia from the Woolworths and Aldis. Competition is the part of any business. It raises the product or service quality of the Coles. The ACCC report said the Coles was workable competitive. (Davis, 2006). Further, the Competition Policy Review report said that it is not unduly concentrated. Competition will work as long as there are opportunities and incentives for entry. Through regulation of planning, liquor licensing and trading hours the Coles is the surviving in the competitive market. Mayer is great competitor of the Coles because both are old companies that surviving in the market from the long-term that raise the competition to improve the quality of product or services. Coles has 10000 employees while Mayer has 14000 employees that handling the organization manufacturing, sales, promotion and technical department to make number one in the market. (Thampapillai, et al 2015). Contemporary issues impact on the Coles Supermarkets: Coles Supermarket is the fast growing company in the retail and consumer services industry. But, it affected from several current issues that is described below: Employee turnover issue: Lack of worker continuity and turnover is one of the main issues faced by the Coles Supermarkets. If the employee turnover is less than as compared to other competitors organization that would be negative for the organization growth and development. (Davis, 2006). Coles employees are untrained as per new or updated features in the production and technical department. So, they have to provide training to guide about the updated features in the production and technical department. (Murray, Poole, Jones, 2006). Auditing issue: It is another significant contemporary issue in the Coles that faces regular basis. The Coles business is engaged in competition with another organization that can create forcing a need to keep tight, price wars and other significant data. (Grant, et al 2012). Coles is facing inefficient or poor auditing plan that make difficulties for the organization. Coles existing auditing system outdated and provide inadequate audits required to stay with the competitive market. (Graham, 2012). Economic challenges: A price war between Woolworths and potential sharp downturn in Australian economic are two threat of it. Wesfarmers that owns Coles supermarkets, bunnings and retailing brands target is reason for slight jump in the stocks share price. Coles makes up around 46 percent of Wesfarmers profit has look 27 straight quarters of same store sales growth, liquor sales growth and outstripping Woolworths food. Woolford said that Bunnings and Coles are main drivers of Wesfarmers share price. But, sale contributions was weak during the year. A down in Australian currency against US currency would raise the Coles cost of goods sold, a proportion of Wesfarmers non-food products are sourced from offshore. (Davis, 2006). Further, different country has different economic challenges that affected the Coles sales volume. Climate change, global health crises, economic exclusion in the Middle East, global imbalance and conflict poverty are the major challenges in the economy that affe cted the Coles Supermarkets. (Grant, et al 2012). Corporate social responsibility: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the contemporary issue that impact on the Coles Supermarkets. CSR activities such as corporate philanthropy, sourcing, cause related marketing introduced by the Coles organization in last several years. CSR activities impact on the Coles performance on corporate financial performance. CSR has a positive impact on the Coles, but the underlying processes that lead to such positive effects on it. (Thampapillai, et al 2014). Indeed, CSR is the form of corporate self-regulation into a business model. It impacts as driver of customer royalty and favorable consumer buying behavior. In the other words, CSR is the title of the mission that guide the organization to represents for its customers. CSR is an initiative to assess responsibility for the organization to effect on social and environmental changes. (Grant, et al 2012). Social media interaction: It is a tool that allows people to share, create, exchange information, ideas, pictures and career interests in networks. Face to face interaction main source of interaction. Coles Supermarket has social media interaction that achieved in the organization. It is the significant part of the organization that impact on the Coles Supermarkets. It promoted their product or service through social media interaction and explain their product feature in the market. It is the significant way to promote the Coles product or services in the market to achieve their objective or goals. (Murray, Poole, Jones, 2006). Advance in technology: It is the significant factor that impacts the Coles Supermarkets. Coles tablet based technology instead of the directs the team member to the exact location of each item that is efficient route possible with the module, shelf, aisle and position. Coles launched a new online shopping technology system to support online shoppers that would be beneficial for the Coles growth and development. Coles said that its sales are growing more than 20 percent a year due to technology changes in the organization. The IBISWorld research said that the online grocery sector in Australia is small, but it is growing rapidly with 15.3 percent annual growth from last five years. (Graham, 2012). Ethical concerns: Ethical concern helps the Coles to select between alternatives that should be evaluated as ethical or unethical. It is a code of behavior and view governed by a combination of personal, legal, moral and social standards of what is right and wrong. Coles Supermarket business runs in Australia market through government norms. (Davis, 2006). The Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) are representations of the Coles behavior in the market. The ACCC case argues that the Coles managers were under pressure to additional money from suppliers. The Coles was accused of leveling to suppliers for late or short deliveries. Coles and Woolworths misused their market power by unfair penalties on suppliers, discriminating against them in favor of label brands and demanding payments. Coles become the first supermarket chain that announced it has ethical and moral responsibility to join with the fair work ombudsman. (Thampapillai, et al 2014). Environmental concerns: It is the significant contemporary issue that impact on the Coles Supermarkets. Coles is exploring and investing the significant environmental projects to reduce organization environmental impact. It is improving efficiencies in our supply chain, focusing on waste reduction and recycling. (Lyons, 2007). Coles evaluate organization emissions, energy use and waste that minimize the impact of our operations on the environment. Despite of expansion store, we have reduced our energy use since 2009. Environment affected the business model of the organization. Australian environment plays significant role in the market. (Grant, et al 2012). Globalization: Coles business is surviving in Australia market that has a positive or negative impact on the globalization activities. It is the significant way to raise the Coles credibility in the market. Indeed, globalization is the process of abroad integration from interchanges of world views, ideas, products and other aspects of the culture. (Lyons, 2007). Worldwide retail and consumer service companies are started businesss in Australia market that affected the Coles business model and sales volume. Because of, they are providing high quality product or services with low prices that is negative for the Coles growth and development. So, the Coles should evaluate the pricing and quality process of manufacturing that helps to survive in the current competitive market. (Murray, Poole, Jones, 2006). Conclusion On the basis of the above discussion, it can be concluded that clear marketing mix, marketing strategies, the competition level and current issues that impact the Coles as well as high ability to adopt the new approach in the Coles helps to survive in the current competitive market. It is growing fast due to its unique strategy to handle the customer of it. It is delivering the product or service to customers as per their demand or needs. Product, price, place, promotion, distribution, partnership, people, process and physical evidence are the significant tools of the marketing mix that affected Coles Supermarkets direct or indirect. Location, product classification services and atmosphere are the marketing strategies of the Coles. Employee turnover issue, auditing, economic challenges, corporate social responsibility, social media interaction, advance in technology, Ethical concerns, environment concern and globalizations are the significant issue that impact the Coles Supermarkets . References Ailawadi, K., L., Harlam, B., (2004). An empirical analysis of the determinants of retail margins: the role of store-brand share. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 147-165. Allen, M., (2002). The Corporate University Handbook: Designing, Managing, and Growing a Successful Program, Australia: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., Kotler, P., (2014). Principles of Marketing, Australia: Pearson Australia. Baker, G., V., (2006). Dynamic Trip Modelling: From Shopping Centres to the Internet, USA: Springer Science Business Media. Booth, S., Coveney, J., (2015). Food Democracy: From consumer to food citizen, Australia: Springer. Chandrasekaran, N., Raghuram, G., (2014). 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Taylor, C. T., Kreisle, N. M., Zimmerman, P. R. (2010). Vertical relationships and competition in retail gasoline markets: Empirical evidence from contract changes in Southern California: Comment. The American economic review, 100(3), 1269-1276. Thampapillai, D., Tan, V., Bozzi, C., Matthew, A., (2015). Australian Commerical Law. Australia: Cambridge University Press. United Nations. Statistical Division, (2014). Central Product Classification (CPC): Version 1.1. USA: United Nations Publications, 2004